foo: 'hello', The last boolean argument is whether the karate-config.js should be processed or not. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. The csv and yaml types can be initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a . Definition. This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. 1. Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a tag for maintainability. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Each item within responseCookies is itself a map-like object. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. will get encoded into %3F. See also match header which is what you would normally need. kittens: [ But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. Does ZnSO4 + H2 at high pressure reverses to Zn + H2SO4? They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. For details of scope and visibility of variables, see Script Structure. data: { """, """ Create a Test Runner class. It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. Why did Ukraine abstain from the UNHRC vote on China? Here is an . ] See karate.callSingle(). This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? This is preferred because it takes care of situations such as if the value is undefined in JavaScript. It begins with the Feature keyword, followed by the . Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. It is also possible to invoke a feature file via a Java API which can be useful in some test-automation situations. Enable HTTPS calls without needing to configure a trusted certificate or key-store. See this for an example. In rare cases, e.g. Karate API Test Script. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. height Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. Karate is a great fit for testing GraphQL because of how easy it is to deal with dynamic and deeply nested JSON responses. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. Of course the actual time-durations, and logs will be missing, and everything will pass. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. id: '#regex[0-9]+', One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. Since it is internally implemented as a JavaScript function, you can mix calls to read() freely wherever JavaScript expressions are allowed: Tip: you can even use JS expressions to dynamically choose a file based on some condition: * def someConfig = read('my-config-' + someVariable + '.json'). You can find more details here. JavaScript Functions are also native. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. A feature file is usually a common file which stores feature, scenarios, and feature description to be tested. }, Before you consider the set keyword - note that for simple JSON update operations, you can use eval - especially useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure a line associated with a test has cursor focus. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? The extension of the feature file is " .feature ". Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. So if you return complex objects such as a custom Java instance or a JS function that depends on complex objects, this may cause issues when you run in parallel. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). All tests are defined in *.feature files; For every feature file package, you need to have an empty test-class in the same package under src/test/java; Karate recommends to keep the *.feature files in the same folder as the test-class; The <build> section of the pom.xml needs a small tweak for this .. (Similar change needed in build.gradle file) A good example of the use of form field for a typical sign-in flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature. API tests are written using Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) Gherkin syntax. } You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. JSON can be combined with the ability to call other *.feature files to achieve dynamic data-driven testing in Karate. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. Here is an example: binary.feature. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. *.feature files and JavaScript functions. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. Calling a feature file from another file. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. left: 1085, """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! There is a neat way to tag your tests and the above example demonstrates how to run all tests except the ones tagged @skipme. Note that the set (multiple) keyword can build complex, nested JSON (or XML) from scratch in a data-driven manner, and you may not even need to read from files for many situations. bar: 'world' a named JsonPath or XPath expression - e.g. Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. Insert spring-jdbc and mysql-connector-java to pom.xml. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. A Gherkin file is saved with the ".feature" extension. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. In some rare cases, for e.g. a #10, #15: There must be a structure expected as a response of the API. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). } path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. You can define the variables with the def keyword in the feature file directly. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? There is no concept of a default where for e.g. You use the listen keyword (with a timeout) to wait until that event occurs. Note that the special, built-in tag @ignore will always be skipped by default, and you dont need to specify ~@ignore anywhere. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. When I switch environments (passing in -Dkarate.env=qual as part of the run command) then baseUrl is set correctly. The recipe for doing this when running Maven from the command line is: You can refer to the documentation of the Maven Surefire Plugin for alternate ways of achieving this, but the argLine approach is the simplest and should be more than sufficient for your Continuous Integration or test-automation needs. But we recommend that you do this only if you are sure that these routines are needed in almost all *.feature files. This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. Note that regex escaping has to be done with a double back-slash - for e.g: '#regex a\\.dot' will match 'a.dot'. Now we are all set for the Parallel execution with 2. features file. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. """, """ """, """ It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. But, unlike Cucumber, the steps do not require a . Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. Karates capabilities include being able to run tests in parallel, HTML reports and compatibility with Continuous Integration tools. The function has to return a JSON object. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. Defining the request is mandatory if you are using an HTTP method that expects a body such as post. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. You should see the Karate: Run | Karate: Debug code lense on top of the feature and every scenario. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. We just need to follow the Karate DSL syntax. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. Give a name to the feature file. The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. function() { }, The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. How to check service status in karate DSL? Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. Another good thing that Karate inherits is the nice IDE support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse have. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. karate-chrome. Mocks writing. Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. Create the Step Definition class or Glue Code for the Test Scenario. How to run a specific feature file in karate? Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. The example below shows the difference between embedded expressions and enclosed JavaScript: So how would you choose between the two approaches to create JSON ? feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. entityState: "ACTIVE" } Do note that if you prefer a pure Java API - Karate has that covered, and with far more capabilities. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. To signal the end of the data, just return null. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature.However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file.

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